项目名称：生物炼制细胞工厂的科学基础
项目编号：2007CB707800
项目领域：综合交叉
第一承担单位：中国科学院微生物研究所
开始日期：2007-07-01
预计完成日期：2011-08-01
概述：
　　

生物炼制是以生物可再生资源为原料生产能源与化工产品的新型工业模式。认识并利用微生物广泛的物质分解转化与卓越的化学合成能力，将微生物改造成为高效的生物炼制细胞工厂，使生物炼制逐步取代传统石油炼制，对于降低化石资源消耗、最终实现工业原材料来源的战略大转移、促进经济社会的可持续发展具有重要意义。

项目将利用生物学、化学、数学和工程学等交叉学科手段，通过研究微生物物质代谢过程的本质与规律，解决生物炼制细胞工厂的结构、调控与性能等方面的关键科学问题：(1)微生物糖代谢的分子基础及其互作关系；(2)细胞代谢功能的调控机制；(3) 生物合成能力的重构与优化原理。在此基础上，设计重构化工产品的自然生产线，突破大宗化工产品和能源产品生物制造的技术瓶颈，为解决能源、环境问题提供新的手段。

项目将针对微生物利用不同类型碳水化合物原料生产大宗化工产品为对象，发现和表征与复杂原料利用相关的关键功能基因、蛋白和分子机器，重构微生物代谢网络并描述其结构和动态特征，识别和鉴定网络的关键节点，建立代谢途径改造的理论模型，分析代谢途径中的遗传与生化调控因素及其代谢功能效应规律，以及微生物环境适应的调控体系及对代谢功能的影响，研究目标产物代谢途径与通量的调控优化策略，构建模式生物炼制细胞工厂。

预期将奠定构建生物炼制细胞工厂的理论基础，揭示碳水化合物原料生产大宗化工产品典型代谢途径的优化调控机制，实质性提高生物炼制细胞工厂的构建能力，提高生物基乙烯、丙烯酸、丁二酸等C2、C3、C4平台化合物生物合成对于石油基路线的竞争能力，形成先进生物炼制技术的基础，为我国的新型工业化道路做出积极的贡献。
中文关键词： 生物炼制
  细胞工厂
  大宗化学品
英文摘要： Biorefinery is a new manufacturing paradigm that converts renewable biomass to valuable fuels and fine as well as bulk chemicals. This new paradigm is of vital importance for our nation, as it will help to transform our economy from a petroleum-based one to a more sustainable one that is based on renewable biomass resources, and offer biotechnological solutions for tackling the nation’s urgent issues such as energy security, resources, and environmental protection.
Microbes are often used as initial processors of biomass in the production of bio-based products, from which a series of platform chemicals are generated and further processed using more established chemical technologies. The vast genetic diversity gives microbes extraordinary biotransformation and biosynthesis capabilities, which present a largely untapped reservoir of sophisticated chemistries. Understanding, exploration, and exploitation of these powerful metabolic capabilities of microbes will lead to the smart design of efficient cell factories critically required for biorefinery.
This project focuses on microbes as cell factories for the production of bulk chemicals using renewable carbohydrates. Through a multidisciplinary approach that integrates biology, chemistry, mathematics and engineering, the fundamental aspects of metabolic process of various industrial microorganisms, or more specifically the structure, regulation and performance of model cell factories, will be investigated. Key scientific questions that will be addressed in this project include the molecular basis and molecular interactions of the carbohydrate metabolism in microorganisms, the regulatory mechanisms of cellular metabolic functions, and the principles for reconstruction and optimization of biosynthetic capabilities. To this end, key genes, proteins, and molecular machines that are involved in utilization of complex carbohydrate substrates will be identified and characterized. Genome-scale biochemical networks and gene regulatory networks will be reconstructed, based on which in silico global metabolic models will be built to simulate the dynamics of these networks, and to identify key metabolic nodes that control the fluxes. The genetic and biochemical factors that regulate the activities and functions of major metabolic pathways will be analyzed to establish models for pathway engineering. In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying microbial environmental adaptation will be dissected and evaluated. Collectively, the insights will then be applied to reconstructing natural cell machinery and developing breakthrough re-engineered cell factories for the production of bio-based products.
The specific aims of this project are: (1) elucidating regulatory and optimization mechanisms of major metabolic pathways or cell factories used in converting renewable carbohydrates to bulk chemicals; (2) establishing theoretical principles for reconstructing cell factories for biorefinery; (3) developing significantly improved technological abilities for cell factory design; (4) developing economically competitive cell factories for the production of C-4 platform chemicals (ethylene, acrylic acid, and succinic acid). This project sets to establish advanced technologies for biorefinery, and to provide a solid foundation for the development of a new and sustainable chemical industry for the nation.
英文关键词： Biorefinery
  Cell factory
  Bulk chemicals
电子邮件： mayanhe@im.ac.cn,chengy@im.ac.cn
联系人： 马延和
  中国科学院微生物研究所
  62651577
联系人： 李寅
  中国科学院微生物研究所
  13911199491